Choosing between a .45-70 Government rifle and a 12-gauge shotgun firing slugs is a decision that hinges on the intended application. Both platforms offer potent stopping power, but their characteristics differ significantly, making them suitable for distinct hunting and self-defense scenarios. This comparison delves into the strengths and weaknesses of each, aiming to equip you with the knowledge to make an informed choice.
Power and Stopping Power: A Tale of Two Calibers
The .45-70 Government, a venerable black powder cartridge dating back to the 1870s, packs a considerable punch. Its large diameter bullet, typically ranging from 300 to 500 grains, delivers substantial energy at relatively short to medium ranges. This translates to exceptional stopping power on large game animals like bear, elk, and moose. Modern loads further enhance this power, offering increased velocity and accuracy.
The 12-gauge slug, on the other hand, utilizes a variety of projectile designs, each influencing its performance. Foster slugs, Brenneke slugs, and rifled slugs all boast different ballistic characteristics. While generally delivering less energy than a .45-70 at longer ranges, slugs fired from a 12-gauge shotgun can still inflict devastating damage at closer ranges, making them effective for hunting deer-sized game. The impact force of a slug can also be superior to a .45-70 at very close ranges.
Key Differences in Energy and Trajectory:
- .45-70: Higher energy at longer ranges due to superior bullet ballistic coefficient (for many modern loads). Steeper trajectory. More sensitive to wind drift at longer ranges.
- 12 Gauge Slug: Higher potential impact force at close range due to heavier slugs and potentially higher velocity (depending on the slug type). Generally flatter trajectory than .45-70 at shorter ranges but less accurate at longer ranges.
Accuracy and Range: A Matter of Precision
The .45-70, particularly with modern rifles and ammunition, is capable of surprising accuracy out to moderate ranges (200-300 yards). However, its heavier bullet and relatively lower velocity make it more susceptible to wind drift and gravity at longer distances. Consistent accuracy beyond 300 yards requires considerable skill and precise shot placement.
12-gauge slugs, while capable of decent accuracy at shorter ranges (under 100 yards), generally show reduced accuracy beyond this point. The type of slug significantly impacts accuracy; rifled slugs typically outperform Foster slugs. However, even rifled slugs often struggle to maintain consistent accuracy beyond 150 yards.
Comparing Accuracy at Different Ranges:
- Under 100 yards: Both can be accurate, though the shotgun's accuracy depends heavily on the slug type and the shooter's skill.
- 100-200 yards: The .45-70 generally offers better accuracy.
- Beyond 200 yards: The .45-70 may still be usable by experienced shooters, but accuracy is highly variable. 12-gauge slugs are generally unsuitable for precise shots at this distance.
Recoil and Handling: A Consideration for Shooters
The .45-70's powerful recoil can be substantial, especially for novice shooters. This recoil can impact accuracy and make follow-up shots difficult. Proper shooting technique and a well-fitted rifle are crucial for managing this recoil.
While 12-gauge slugs also generate recoil, it is generally less punishing than that of a .45-70 rifle. The lighter weight of most shotguns also contributes to a more manageable recoil experience. However, the recoil of a 12-gauge slug can still be significant, especially with heavier slugs.
Applications: Where Each Excels
The .45-70 is ideally suited for hunting large, dangerous game at moderate ranges. Its substantial stopping power makes it a reliable choice for hunting bear, elk, and moose. It can also be effective for hunting deer, but may be overkill for smaller game.
The 12-gauge slug is a versatile option for hunting medium-sized game like deer at closer ranges. Its ease of handling and moderate recoil make it a popular choice among hunters. It's also useful for home defense, though ammunition selection for this purpose should be carefully considered.
Conclusion: The Right Tool for the Job
The choice between a .45-70 and a 12-gauge slug depends heavily on individual needs and preferences. The .45-70 offers superior power and accuracy at longer ranges for larger game, but demands more skill and preparation. The 12-gauge slug offers more manageable recoil and is suitable for a wider range of hunting applications at shorter ranges. Consider your hunting targets, shooting experience, and preferred shooting style before making a decision. This informed comparison provides a foundation for making the best choice for your specific needs.
