Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or self-defense is a crucial decision, demanding careful consideration of various factors. This comprehensive comparison of the venerable .45-70 Government and the potent .460 S&W examines their strengths, weaknesses, and ideal applications, helping you make an informed choice.
Ballistics and Power: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The .45-70 Government and the .460 S&W represent different eras and philosophies in cartridge design. The .45-70, a black powder cartridge dating back to 1873, boasts a long and storied history. The .460 S&W, on the other hand, is a modern magnum cartridge designed for maximum stopping power.
This difference in age translates directly to ballistic performance. While specific loads vary significantly, the .460 S&W generally delivers considerably higher velocity and energy. This translates to a flatter trajectory, longer range, and significantly more stopping power, especially on larger game. The .45-70, while capable of taking down large game, relies more on bullet weight and sectional density to achieve similar results.
Key Ballistic Differences:
| Feature | .45-70 Government | .460 S&W |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Velocity | 1800-2200 fps (depending on load) | 2000-2400+ fps (depending on load) |
| Typical Energy | 1800-2800 ft-lbs (depending on load) | 2500-3500+ ft-lbs (depending on load) |
| Recoil | Moderate to High | Very High |
| Range | Moderate | Longer |
Recoil and Shootability: A Matter of Experience
The significant difference in muzzle energy directly impacts recoil. The .460 S&W delivers substantially more recoil, demanding a strong grip and proper shooting technique. This high recoil can make extended shooting sessions challenging, even for experienced shooters. The .45-70 Government, while still possessing considerable recoil, is generally more manageable for most shooters.
Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The ideal application for each cartridge is heavily influenced by its ballistic characteristics and recoil.
.45-70 Government:
- Hunting: An excellent choice for large game hunting at moderate ranges. Its proven effectiveness on bear, elk, and moose is well-documented. Its lower recoil (compared to the .460 S&W) allows for more shots on target, which is crucial in hunting situations. Lever-action rifles chambered in .45-70 are popular choices for this cartridge.
- Lever-Action Rifles: The cartridge's long history is intrinsically linked with lever-action rifles, providing a classic and effective combination.
- Black Powder Enthusiasts: The cartridge's black powder heritage makes it a popular choice among those interested in historical firearms and shooting techniques.
.460 S&W:
- Dangerous Game Hunting: The .460 S&W's exceptional stopping power makes it a suitable choice for dangerous game hunting, particularly at closer ranges. Its high velocity and energy are crucial for ensuring quick and effective incapacitation.
- Self-Defense (Controversial): While possessing extreme stopping power, the extreme recoil and muzzle blast make it a less-than-ideal self-defense cartridge for most individuals.
- Handguns: This cartridge is primarily found in large-frame revolvers, reflecting its power and recoil.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the .45-70 Government and the .460 S&W ultimately depends on your specific needs and shooting experience. The .45-70 offers a manageable recoil, proven performance on large game, and a rich history. The .460 S&W delivers unparalleled stopping power but requires significant training and experience to manage its intense recoil. Carefully consider your intended use and personal capabilities before making your decision. Remember to always practice safe firearm handling and follow all applicable laws and regulations.
