Maintaining your pump shotgun is crucial for its longevity, reliable function, and, most importantly, your safety. A dirty shotgun is not only less accurate but also prone to malfunctions, which can be dangerous. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the proper steps to thoroughly clean your pump-action shotgun, ensuring it remains in top condition for years to come.
Before You Begin: Gather Your Supplies
Before you start, ensure you have all the necessary supplies. Improper cleaning tools can damage your firearm. You'll need:
- Shotgun Cleaning Rod: Choose a rod long enough to reach the end of the barrel. Avoid using a rod that's too thin, as it can bend easily.
- Bore Brushes: Select brushes that match the gauge of your shotgun (e.g., 12-gauge, 20-gauge). You'll likely want one bronze brush for initial cleaning and a nylon brush for final polishing.
- Patches: Use patches that are slightly larger than the bore diameter. Cotton patches are common, but microfiber patches are also a good option.
- Solvent: Choose a high-quality gun cleaning solvent designed for shotguns. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
- Gun Oil: Use a gun oil specifically designed for firearms. This will lubricate moving parts and protect against rust.
- Cleaning Kit: Many kits come with everything you need, simplifying the process.
- Eye and Hearing Protection: Always prioritize safety.
- Gloves: Protect your hands from solvents and chemicals.
- Old Rags or Paper Towels: For wiping down the shotgun.
- A Safe Cleaning Area: Choose a well-ventilated area away from flammable materials.
Step-by-Step Cleaning Process
1. Unload and Inspect:
- Absolutely ensure your shotgun is unloaded. Double-check the chamber and magazine tube. Safety is paramount.
- Visually inspect your shotgun for any obvious damage or debris.
2. Field Strip (If Necessary):
- Some pump shotguns require partial field stripping for thorough cleaning. Consult your owner's manual for specific instructions on your model. This typically involves removing the stock and/or separating the receiver and barrel. If you're unsure, skip this step and focus on cleaning the accessible parts.
3. Clean the Barrel:
- Attach a bore brush to your cleaning rod.
- Apply a generous amount of solvent to the brush.
- Insert the rod into the muzzle (the end of the barrel) and slowly push it through the barrel to the breech (the rear of the barrel).
- Rotate the rod as you push it through to scrub the entire bore surface.
- Repeat this process several times, applying fresh solvent each time.
- Once the bore is clean, run several clean patches through the barrel until they emerge clean.
4. Clean the Chamber and Magazine Tube:
- Use a bore brush or a dedicated chamber brush to clean the chamber.
- Use patches and solvent to clean the inside of the magazine tube. A small brush can help remove any built-up residue.
5. Clean the Exterior:
- Use a clean rag or paper towel dampened with solvent to wipe down the exterior of the shotgun. Pay attention to areas where fouling or residue might build up.
6. Lubricate:
- Once everything is clean and dry, apply a small amount of gun oil to the moving parts of the shotgun, such as the action bars, slide, and trigger mechanism. Avoid over-lubrication.
7. Reassemble (If Necessary):
- Carefully reassemble your shotgun if you field-stripped it. Refer to your owner's manual for proper reassembly instructions.
8. Final Inspection:
- Before storing your shotgun, conduct a final inspection to ensure all parts are properly lubricated and clean.
Maintenance Tips for Your Pump Shotgun
- Clean after each use: This is the best way to prevent the buildup of fouling and residue.
- Store your shotgun properly: Store it in a dry, cool place away from moisture and extreme temperatures.
- Regularly inspect your shotgun: Check for any signs of wear, damage, or corrosion.
- Consult your owner's manual: This is the best resource for specific maintenance instructions for your shotgun model.
By following these steps and practicing regular maintenance, you can ensure your pump shotgun remains clean, reliable, and safe for years to come. Remember, safety is always the top priority. If you are unsure about any aspect of cleaning your shotgun, consult a qualified gunsmith.
