Identifying old double barrel shotguns can be a fascinating journey, blending history, craftsmanship, and a touch of detective work. Whether you're a seasoned collector or a curious enthusiast, understanding the nuances of identifying these firearms is crucial for accurate appraisal, safe handling, and appreciating their rich heritage. This guide will provide you with key features to look for when attempting to date and identify antique double-barrel shotguns.
Understanding the Clues: Key Identification Features
Dating and identifying old double barrel shotguns requires a multi-faceted approach, examining various components and markings. Don't rush the process; careful observation is key.
1. The Manufacturer's Markings: Your Primary Source
The most crucial piece of information resides in the manufacturer's markings. These are usually stamped or engraved on the barrels, the receiver (the body of the gun), or the underside of the gun. Look for:
- Manufacturer's Name: This is often the most prominent marking, clearly identifying the maker (e.g., Parker, Ithaca, Lefever).
- Model Number or Designation: Many manufacturers used model numbers or designations to distinguish different variations of their shotguns.
- Serial Number: This unique number helps trace the shotgun's history and production date. Use this information to research the gun's production year and other details.
- Proof Marks: These marks indicate the gun has passed safety and quality tests. They vary by country and era, offering clues about origin and manufacturing standards.
2. Action Type: Exploring the Mechanics
Double barrel shotguns utilize different action types, each with its unique characteristics. Identifying the action type significantly helps narrow down the potential age and manufacturer.
- Side-by-Side (SXS): The most common type, featuring barrels arranged side by side. Variations within SXS actions include boxlock and sidelock configurations, affecting the overall aesthetic and mechanism.
- Over-Under (O/U): Barrels stacked vertically, a design that became more popular later in shotgun history.
3. Construction and Materials: A Look at Craftsmanship
The materials and construction methods employed reveal much about a shotgun's age. Examine:
- Steel vs. Damascus: Older shotguns often feature Damascus barrels (a type of twist-barreled steel), recognizable by their distinctive swirling pattern. However, Damascus barrels are prone to cracking under pressure and are generally considered unsafe for modern ammunition. Steel barrels are stronger and more modern.
- Wood Stock and Forend: The type of wood (e.g., walnut, beech), its quality, and the style of checkering (the patterned engraving on the wood) can provide clues about age and origin.
4. Additional Features to Consider: Completing the Puzzle
Several other features offer valuable insights:
- Ejectors vs. Extractors: Ejectors actively throw out spent shells, while extractors simply pull them back. Ejectors are a later development.
- Choke Markings: These markings indicate the constriction of the barrel at the muzzle, influencing shot pattern.
- Overall Condition: The condition of the shotgun—wear, scratches, rust—can inform you about its age and history.
Resources for Further Investigation: Expanding Your Knowledge
Once you've carefully examined your shotgun, utilize additional resources to pinpoint its age and maker:
- Shotgun Books and Guides: Numerous books specialize in identifying antique firearms, offering detailed information on various manufacturers, models, and markings.
- Online Forums and Communities: Online forums and communities dedicated to firearms and collecting can provide expert assistance and valuable insights.
- Appraisal Services: For a precise appraisal and dating, consider contacting a reputable firearms appraiser who specializes in antique shotguns.
Safety First: Handling Old Firearms
Always prioritize safety when handling antique firearms. Never assume a gun is unloaded; always treat it as if it's loaded. If you are unsure about handling or cleaning the shotgun, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Remember, identifying old double barrel shotguns is a process that requires patience, attention to detail, and a willingness to learn. By systematically examining the clues provided by the markings, construction, and overall condition, you can unlock the fascinating history held within these remarkable pieces of craftsmanship.
