The Mossberg 590 is a legendary pump-action shotgun, prized for its reliability and versatility. One of the key features contributing to its adaptability is the ease with which you can swap out barrels. Whether you're upgrading for home defense, hunting, or competition, changing the barrel on your Mossberg 590 can significantly enhance its functionality. This guide will walk you through the process, addressing safety precautions, compatibility, and common issues.
Understanding Barrel Compatibility
Before you even think about swapping barrels, it's crucial to understand compatibility. Not all Mossberg 590 barrels are created equal. You need to ensure the new barrel is specifically designed for your model of 590. Different 590 variants (e.g., 590A1, 590 Shockwave, 590 Mariner) may have slight variations that affect barrel compatibility. Always double-check the manufacturer's specifications to verify compatibility. Ignoring this step can lead to significant issues, potentially rendering your shotgun unusable or even dangerous.
Key Considerations for Barrel Selection:
- Gauge: Ensure the new barrel matches the gauge of your shotgun (12 gauge, 20 gauge, etc.). Mixing gauges is incredibly dangerous and should never be attempted.
- Length: Barrel length significantly impacts the shotgun's characteristics. Shorter barrels are generally more maneuverable for close-quarters situations, while longer barrels offer improved accuracy and less recoil at longer ranges.
- Choke: The choke determines the shot pattern. Different chokes are optimal for different applications (e.g., full choke for long-range hunting, improved cylinder for close-range defense). Consider your intended use when selecting a barrel with the appropriate choke.
- Manufacturer: Stick to reputable manufacturers known for producing high-quality, reliable shotgun barrels. Using a low-quality barrel can compromise the safety and performance of your firearm.
The Barrel Swap Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Safety First: Before undertaking any firearm modification, always ensure the firearm is unloaded. Visually inspect the chamber and magazine tube to confirm it's empty. Consider using a cable lock or trigger lock as an added safety measure.
Tools Required: You'll only need a wrench (usually a standard wrench) appropriate for the barrel nut on your specific Mossberg 590 model. Some models might require specific tools. Check your owner's manual to confirm the required tools.
Steps:
- Unloading: Thoroughly unload your Mossberg 590. This is paramount to your safety.
- Remove the Forend: Detach the forend of your shotgun. The method varies slightly depending on the model; consult your owner's manual if you're unsure.
- Loosen the Barrel Nut: Using the correct wrench, carefully loosen the barrel nut. Don't force it; if it's stuck, consider applying a penetrating lubricant.
- Remove the Barrel: Once the barrel nut is loose, carefully slide the barrel off the receiver.
- Install the New Barrel: Align the new barrel with the receiver and slide it onto the receiver.
- Tighten the Barrel Nut: Secure the barrel nut using the wrench, tightening it firmly but avoiding over-tightening, which could damage the threads.
- Reattach the Forend: Reattach the forend to your shotgun.
- Function Check: Before firing, perform a thorough function check to ensure the action cycles smoothly and the new barrel is securely fastened.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
- Barrel Nut Stuck: If the barrel nut is difficult to remove, apply a penetrating lubricant and allow it to soak for a few minutes. A rubber mallet can gently help break loose any stubborn rust or corrosion.
- Barrel Doesn't Fit: Double-check the barrel's compatibility with your specific Mossberg 590 model. Incorrectly fitting a barrel can be extremely dangerous.
- Loose Barrel: If the barrel feels loose after tightening the nut, there might be an issue with the threads. Seek assistance from a qualified gunsmith.
Conclusion
Swapping barrels on your Mossberg 590 can be a straightforward process that enhances the shotgun's versatility and functionality. However, always prioritize safety and ensure you understand the compatibility requirements before starting. Remember to always consult your owner's manual and seek professional assistance if you're unsure about any step in the process. Safe and responsible gun ownership is crucial, and taking proper precautions ensures a positive experience.
