The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun holds a special place in the hearts of many shotgun enthusiasts. Known for its robust construction, reliable function, and surprisingly affordable price point (especially in the used market), this firearm has earned a solid reputation over the years. This guide will delve into the history, features, variations, and considerations for prospective owners of this classic shotgun.
A Brief History of the Stevens Model 311
Manufactured by J. Stevens Arms Company, later acquired by Savage Arms, the Model 311 saw production from the early to mid-20th century. This period saw a surge in popularity for affordable, reliable shotguns, and the 311 effectively filled that niche. While not as ornate or finely crafted as some higher-end double barrels, its practical design and sturdy build made it a favorite among hunters, farmers, and home defenders. Its relatively simple design also contributed to its ease of maintenance and repair.
Key Features and Specifications
The Stevens Model 311 is primarily characterized by its:
- 12 Gauge Caliber: This is the most popular shotgun gauge worldwide, offering a versatile balance of power and shot patterns.
- Double Barrel Design: Two barrels, typically side-by-side, allow for two quick shots before reloading. This configuration is well-suited for hunting small game or home defense.
- Break-Action Mechanism: The barrels hinge open at the breech for loading and unloading shells. This simple mechanism is generally considered very reliable.
- Steel Construction: Typically, the receiver and barrels are made of steel, lending to the shotgun's durability.
- Fixed Chokes: Most Model 311s feature fixed chokes, meaning the constriction of the barrel is permanent. Common chokes include Full, Modified, and Improved Cylinder, each suited to different ranges and target types. Understanding your choke is critical for effective shooting.
Variations and Differences
While the core design remained consistent, some variations exist within the Model 311 line. These variations often involve subtle differences in:
- Stock and Forend: Different wood types and finishes were used, leading to aesthetic differences between individual shotguns.
- Finish: Blued steel was the most common finish, but some variations might have different treatments or levels of wear depending on age and use.
- Manufacturer Markings: Slight variations in markings and engravings can occur due to changes in manufacturing processes or periods.
Considerations for Potential Owners
Before purchasing a Stevens Model 311, several important factors should be considered:
- Condition: Used shotguns are common, and careful inspection is vital to ensure the firearm is safe and functional. Check for rust, pitting, proper barrel function, and overall mechanical integrity.
- Ammunition: Using appropriate ammunition is paramount for safety and proper function. Always use 12-gauge shells designed for your specific choke constriction.
- Safety: Safe gun handling practices are essential. Familiarize yourself with proper firearm safety rules before handling or shooting any shotgun, including the Stevens Model 311.
- Legal Restrictions: Ensure you comply with all applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations regarding firearm ownership and use.
Conclusion
The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun offers a compelling blend of affordability, reliability, and historical significance. Its simple design and sturdy build make it a great option for those seeking a functional and dependable shotgun. However, thorough inspection and responsible gun handling are critical before owning and using this classic firearm. Always prioritize safety and handle firearms with the utmost respect.
