The .308 Winchester (7.62x51mm NATO) cartridge is a powerful and versatile round, seeing extensive use by militaries worldwide. However, pinpointing the single military-used .308 rifle is inaccurate. Different branches, nations, and even specific units often utilize various rifles chambered in this caliber, each chosen for its unique strengths and operational requirements. This article will explore some of the prominent .308 rifles employed by various military forces.
Understanding the Needs of Military Rifle Selection
Before diving into specific rifles, it's crucial to understand the factors driving military adoption. These include:
- Accuracy and Range: A military rifle needs to be consistently accurate at considerable distances, allowing for effective engagement of targets beyond close quarters.
- Reliability: Functioning flawlessly in diverse and harsh conditions—extreme temperatures, mud, sand—is paramount. Malfunctions can be deadly.
- Durability: The rifle must withstand rigorous use and abuse, maintaining its functionality under stress.
- Weight and Maneuverability: A balance must be struck between firepower and the soldier's ability to carry and maneuver effectively with the weapon.
- Modular Design: Modern militaries often prefer modular designs that allow for customization with different accessories (scopes, stocks, etc.) to suit individual needs and missions.
- Ammunition Availability & Logistics: The chosen cartridge must be readily available and logistically manageable. The widespread adoption of the 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge contributes to this aspect.
Prominent Military .308 Rifles
While a definitive list is impossible due to constant shifts in military inventories and classified information, some of the most frequently encountered .308 rifles in military service include:
1. The M14 Rifle (United States):
While largely replaced by the M16 family, the M14 remains in limited use by certain specialized units. Its full-auto capability and powerful cartridge provide significant stopping power at longer ranges.
2. Variants of the FN FAL (Various Nations):
The FN FAL (Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal) is a battle rifle that served in numerous armies worldwide. Its robust design and adaptable configuration made it popular in various climates and terrains. Many countries still maintain FAL variants in their arsenals, though often in reserve or for specialized roles.
3. HK G3 (Various Nations):
The Heckler & Koch G3 is another battle rifle widely adopted by various military forces. It is known for its reliability and accuracy.
4. M1A (United States):
A civilian version of the M14, the M1A sees use in some US military sniper roles and specialized units. Its accuracy and long-range capability are key features.
5. Designated Marksman Rifles (DMRs) based on .308 platforms:
Many armies employ designated marksman rifles (DMRs) chambered in .308. These are typically enhanced versions of standard service rifles, featuring upgraded scopes, stocks, and barrels for improved accuracy and longer ranges. Specific models vary widely depending on the nation and its specific requirements. Examples include variants built upon the AR-10 platform.
Conclusion
The question of "what 308 rifle does the military use" lacks a single answer. The 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge has seen widespread adoption, resulting in a variety of rifles used by different nations and branches. The choice of a specific rifle often depends on factors like operational needs, budget, and existing logistical infrastructure. The rifles highlighted above represent only a fraction of the diverse .308 platforms utilized in military service worldwide. Further research into the specific military branch or nation of interest will yield more specific information on their adopted .308 rifles.
